Ash-82 Schwetzow
|
Arkadia D. Shvetsov was the first aero-engine designer
to establish himself in the Soviet Union. 
In 1930 he was a founder of TSIAM, the central institute for aero engines.
His firstboon was the unimpressive M-8 radial engine of 1925. From this
he developed the M-11 radial, one of the watd’s classic engines with
over 100.000 and probably over 130.000 built in 1927 - 59. Was qualifild
in 1928 at 100 hp using any arailable motor spirit. Subsequent versions
gave 115 - 200 hp using better fuel. The M-12 was a 1930 development of
190 hp. The M-15 of 1929, a 9-cylinder engine of 450 hp, did not go into
production.
Most important of the all Soviet radial’s was the Ash-82, a 12-cylinder 2-row engine with M-62 cylinders with stroke reduced to 155 mm (bore remaining 155,5 mm), giving 41,2 litres in a compact 1,259 mm diameter, which was the basis of the wald’s first good aircooled fighter intallations-apart (BMW 801) from the Fw-190. Qualified in 1940 at 1250 hp on 87-grade fuel, the Ash-82
was developed in 22 versions up to 2000 hp. About 70.000 were produced,
some still being in use in IL-14s and Mi-4 helicopters, the latter having
a 25° inclined installation with direct drive and cooling fan. Few
Ash-83 1900 hp enginges, or 1500 hp 18 cylinder Ash-90s (1941) were
made, and the Ash-2 of 1950 (two Ash-82s in tantem giving a 3.300 hp
unit) did not go into production. |
Shvetsov’s bureau managed the development of the licensed Bristol
Jupiter-engines into M-22 variants, and used M-15 cylinders in the M-26
of 300 hp based on the Bristol Titan-engine. Shvetsov also played a
managerial role in developing the Wright Cyclone (M-25) into the M-62
by fitting a two-speed super charger, improved induction system and
other changes. In 1941 this was redisignated Ash-62 in accord with the
new General Constructor scheme. Including the M-63 of 1939 rated at
1100 hp, total production by 1985 exceeded 67.000, Polish designation
being ASz-62 and Chinese, HS-5.
